Post by Dave on Jan 25, 2024 12:01:01 GMT -5
Σατανᾶς G4567 –vs- Σαταν G4566
How One New Testament Chaldean Loanword
Causes Confusion in the Identity of Satan
David Freed Th.D.
10/24/2023
www.academia.edu/114029900/%CE%A3%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B1_%CF%82_G4567_vs_%CE%A3%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BD_G4566_How_One_New_Testament_Chaldean_Loanword_Causes_Confusion_in_the_Identity_of_Satan1 – abstract
Jesus, His disciples, His immediate followers, and most importantly the authors of the New Testament (NT) were not only Jewish culturally, but also Jewish theologically. The education of Jewish children was mandated, as early as 75 BC; the education of older boys and men can be traced back to the period of the Second Temple.1 It is true that those involved in the Jesus movement were primarily common laypeople from the community at large, but surely, they were all familiar to some degree with the Hebrew satan (G4566 -Σατᾶν / of Hebrew origin H7854) of the Old Testament (OT). To the curious student of the Greek NT the question arises, “Why did the authors of the NT choose to borrow a Chaldean Loanword to identify the ‘great dragon’ of Revelation 12, the ancient serpent, called the devil and ‘satanas’ (G4567 – Σατανᾶς – of Chaldean origin)?” All through the OT, God is the creator of the world; suddenly in the NT satan is somehow transformed into the god of this world. How did this paradigm shift happen, the ‘Greatest Shift in human thought’ in the history of the world?2 The answer lies within a misunderstanding, and therefore a misapplication, of one simple Chaldean loan word.
2 – intro
I am just a student of scripture and Christian culture. The very term Judeo-Christian yields Judaism as its base foundation. Jesus is portrayed as the fulfillment of the Hebrew Scriptures, the Messiah that did not come to change Jewish theology, but to fulfill it.
Mat 5:17 Think not that I am come to destroy the law, or the prophets: I am not come to destroy, but to fulfil.
Mat 5:18 For verily I say unto you, Till heaven and earth pass, one jot or one tittle shall in no wise pass from the law, till all be fulfilled.
However, as I watched/listened to modern Christendom try to evangelize modern Jews, I expected to hear how Jesus was really the Hebrew Messiah. Instead, I consistently hear the discussion become a quarrel about monotheism. Jews have been taught all their lives there is only ONE God and Hebrew satan is an angel of the Lord asked to do a dirty job, as heaven’s prosecutor. Now missionaries want them to accept the man Jesus as God and satan as another god. Ellen White and her Seventh Day Adventist take the satan god concept to its extreme, suggesting a Zoroastrian duality between two gods locked in a cosmic controversy.
Completely opposite to the Hebrew teaching that satan is an angel of the Lord working for the Lord; Catholic satan, is the god of evil, the personification of evil, who rebels against God in Ezekiel 28 by his own will, takes 1/3rd of all God’s angels to the dark side in Revelation 12 for the sole purpose of opposing God’s right to rule the universe in Isaiah 14.
To this discussion, I add a third voice. Scripture says, 1Th 5:21 (KJV) Prove all things; hold fast that which is good. Or as I prefer, test all things, hold fast to what is good (TLV). The Nag Hammadi Library is not to be seen as a singular text. It is a library of several different groups, some are Valentinian, some are Sethian, and some are secular.3 It contains the writings of a group of first and second century Messianic Jewish followers of the Jewish Messiah, Jesus Christ. My personal focus has been on the 11 texts attributed to, or are consistent with, James, John, Paul, Peter, Philip, and Thomas. I do not offer any of it as inspired scripture, but rather as an insight to the thinking, understanding, mindset, or commentary by the earliest Christians, before the Romanization of the known world.
There should be no surprise that the Nag Hammadi text reads, or sounds, very Jewish culturally and theologically. To them, the “great dragon” of the NT Book of Revelation, the ancient serpent, called the devil and ‘satanas’ (G4567 – Σατανᾶς – of Chaldean origin) is more likened to Jewish demonology of King Solomon and the shed of the OT, (H7700 – שֵׁד – shêd – shade / from H7736; a daemon (as malignant): - devil(s)), than with Catholic “Satan and his Fallen Angels.”
3- Hebrew satan
Who is Hebrew satan? Or perhaps more specifically, I should ask, who was Hebrew satan to Jesus and His immediate followers? As evidenced by the Nag Hammadi texts, as well as the NT itself, this would have been answered through Jewish Theology / Demonology. So I’ll just let Judaism speak for itself.
Taken from: Jewish Encyclopedia:4 “Satan - Term used in the Bible with the general connotation of "adversary," being applied:
(1) to an enemy in war (I Kings v. 18 [A. V. 4]; xi. 14, 23, 25), from which use is developed the concept of a traitor in battle (I Sam. xxix. 4);
(2) to an accuser before the judgment-seat (Ps. Cix. 6);
(3) to any opponent (II Sam. xix. 23 [A. V. 22]). The word is likewise used to denote an antagonist who puts obstacles in the way, as in Num. xxii. 32, where the angel of God is described as opposing Balaam in the guise of a satan or adversary; so that the concept of Satan as a distinct being was not then known. …
Such a view is found, however, in the prologue to the Book of Job, where … characterize Satan as that member of the divine council who watches over human activity, but with the evil purpose of searching out men's sins and appearing as their accuser. He is, therefore, the celestial prosecutor, who sees only iniquity; … Yet it is also evident from the prologue that Satan has no power of independent action, but requires the permission of God, which he may not transgress. He can not be regarded, therefore, as an opponent of the Deity; and the doctrine of monotheism is disturbed by his existence ...”
I can also quote, Rabbi Menachem Wolf, of Spiritgrow Josef Kryss Centre, Melbourne, Australia, saying, “He would love to be Hebrew satan’s defense attorney, because he is an angel of the Lord, working for the Lord, helping to facilitate God’s Will on earth, and sometimes asked to do a dirty job.”5
My own summary of Jewish theology
Jewish belief #1 – God is absolute – Anything that has come into being was made by God for God. God is absolute – His creation is exactly as He Willed it to be.
Jewish belief #2 – God tests His people. - Why does God test His people? Deu 8:2 … in order to humble you, to test you, to know what was in your heart, whether you would keep His mitzvot or not.
Jewish belief #3 - Why does God do it? - To reveal Himself, to reveal His power and glory
(to prove that the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob is the one true God)
1Ch 21:1 Then satan stood up against Israel …
2Sa 24:1 Now the anger of Adonai again flared up against Israel …
Either God is satan Himself, or Hebrew satan is an agent of the Lord, asked to do a dirty job.
Zec 3 Hebrew satan is opposing Joshua as the heavenly prosecutor.
Again, Hebrew satan is an agent of the Lord.
1 Kings 22 God asked for a volunteer angel to go be a satan to Ahab (lying spirit)
Again, Hebrew satan is an agent of the Lord, asked to do a dirty job.
The Book of Job according to Jewish theology is no more than Jewish belief #2 – God testing His people.
Again, Hebrew satan is seen as an agent of the Lord, asked to do a dirty job.
To this I would add the first Passover in Egypt.
Exo 12:12 (TLV) “For I will go through the land of Egypt on that night and strike down every firstborn, both men and animals, and I will execute judgments against all the gods of Egypt. I am Adonai.
The subject of this verse is identified by the verb.
5674 – עָבַר – ‛âbar – aw-bar' - first person singular, God did it.
G1330 – διέρχομαι – dierchomai – dee-er'-khom-ahee - first person singular, God did it.
Exo 12:23 (TLV) Adonai will pass through to strike down the Egyptians, but when He sees the blood on the crossbeam and the two doorposts, Adonai will pass over that door, and will not allow the destroyer to come into your houses to strike you down.
Exo 12:23 (KJV) For the LORD will pass through to smite the Egyptians...
Who is the destroyer? God did it. Within Jewish theology, God is absolute and can do anything He wants to facilitate His Will on earth. Not man’s will - but God’s Will be done.
Isa 45:5 (TLV) I am Adonai—there is no other. Besides Me there is no God. I will strengthen you, though you have not known Me
Isa 45:6 so they may know, from the rising to the setting of the sun, that there is no one besides Me. I am Adonai—there is no other.
Isa 45:7 I form light and create darkness. I make shalom and create calamity. I, Adonai, do all these things.
Yet, many within modern Christendom continue to teach the destroying angel, also known as the "Angel of Death," and the most referenced citation is from Exodus 12:23.6 Judaism has a God that does it all. God sent Moses unto Pharaoh and God hardened Pharaoh’s heart. Why? Socrates would say, 'He forms a crucible to reveal the truth.'7 Jewish belief #3 - Why does God do it? - To reveal Himself, to reveal His power and glory (to prove that the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob is the one true God).
4- Catholic satan
Judaism may have a God that does it all, but Christendom does not understand their God being the author of ra, so they need another to blame it on. Again, I will just let the Catholicism speak for itself.
From the CATECHISM OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH.8 “The Church teaches that Satan was at first a good angel, made by God: ‘The devil and the other demons were indeed created naturally good by God, but they became evil by their own doing.’
This ‘fall’ consists in the free choice of these created spirits, who radically and irrevocably rejected God and his reign. … he is ‘a liar and the father of lies’. Satan may act in the world out of hatred for God and his kingdom in Christ Jesus, … his action may cause grave injuries - of a spiritual nature and, indirectly, even of a physical nature- to each man and to society …”
My paraphrase of Catholic satan, as I have encountered in studies of scripture:
1- Created as a good angel, perfect in all his ways, before he rose up in rebellion to God because of pride (Ezk 28).
2- Catholic satan changed his own form and function within creation, against God’s Will.
3- The Catholic satan also changed 1/3rd of all of God’s angels, against God’s Will.
4- and together, Catholic satan and his new demons are able to change God's Plan, also against God’s Will.
5- for the sole purpose of opposing God’s right to rule His own creation (Isa 14).
6- Catholic satan wants to steal your soul for his own kingdom.
7- Believe, or satan will drag your soul to hell.
How did this paradigm shift happen, the ‘Greatest Shift in human thought?’ While the New Testament presents Satan as an enemy of God, the Hebrew Bible seems to depict Satan as an agent of God.9 Jerome Wilczynski, in his doctoral thesis, states, “No single passage in the OT is ‘directly’ related to the Satan of later Christian theology. … I think most Christians would be surprised to find all this out. As we have seen, none of the heavenly angels that function as satan in the OT are comparable to the satan of the NT.”10 The standard view of satan as the archenemy of God and the opponent of all that is good, is more a result of popular imagination and centuries of Christian theology.11
5-The Chaldean loanword satanas
What exactly is meant by a loanword? These are words borrowed from one language into the next. Why are they borrowed? They describe new and different things, without inventing new words, but just borrow the word from its source language. An example of this in German is the English word computer. German was well established before computers were invented. Instead of inventing a new German word to describe them, they just call it a computer. Other examples are the words, Chevrolet, Ford, and Dodge all borrowed from English into Japanese. 12
How can we tell if words are borrowed into the New Testament Greek? One of the easiest tells is if the word declines as all Greek words do. What is a Greek word declension and why do they decline? The simplest answer is that Greek is not dependent upon word order as in English – Subject + Verb + Direct Object. In Greek, regardless of word order, we know which word is the subject by its spelling – we understand the tense, person, mood, and voice of the verb by its spelling – and again, we know the direct object by its spelling – even the objects of prepositions are identified by their spelling.
First year Greek students, lesson one, always learn how to decline simple masculine singular nouns.
The God, male, singular
ὁ Θεός - Nomnitive Case – the subject of the sentence
τοῦ θεοῦ - Genative Case - (possession, "of"; also origin or separation, "from")
τῷ θεῷ - Dative Case - (indirect object, "to"; also location "in", "at"; instrument, "with")
τὸν Θεόν - Accusative Case - (direct object; motion toward; time: "how long")
All nouns have plural forms, masculine, feminine, or neuter forms all dependent on spelling. Greek verbs come in even greater variety with more specific ‘tenses’ than are spelled in English. Simple verbs are a maze in themselves, but some Greek verbs require long phrases in English to express their one word meaning –i.e. yesterday I wish I could have been – or in the future I hope it might be.
Hebrew words do not decline into different cases as in Greek. Hebrew words usually have only one spelling, with one meaning. Vowels and breathing marks were not even part of the original script, but added later. Relying on Jeff Brenner, of Ancient Hebrew Research, I borrow his chart, or list of loanwords in the Greek New Testament.13 Mr. Brenner has a list of 21, or, 22 examples of Hebrew and/or Chaldean loanwords borrowed into the Greek. Working with his list, and several Greek lexicons, it is easy to see 11 of these loanwords in the Greek.
Loanwords in Biblical Greek
Jeff Brenner, Ancient Hebrew Research13
G5 – Ἀββᾶ - Abba – ab-bah' –
Father
3x (3 times used as) – Chaldean origin - compare (H2) - Indeclinable Proper Noun
G239 – ἀλληλούΐα – allēlouia - al-lay-loo'-ee-ah
Of Hebrew origin (imperative of [H1984] and [H3050]); praise ye Jah!, an adoring exclamation: - alleluiah.
2x - Hebrew origin, Hebrew transliterated word (indeclinable)
G281 – ἀμήν – amēn \- am-ane' - Of Hebrew origin
properly firm, that is, (figuratively) trustworthy; adverbially surely (often as interjection so be it): - amen, verily.
152x - Hebrew origin, Hebrew transliterated word (indeclinable)
G2878 - κορβᾶν, κορβανᾶς - korban korbanas -kor-ban', kor-ban-as'
a votive offering and the offering; a consecrated present (to the Temple fund); by extension (the latter term) the Treasury itself, that is, the room where the contribution boxes stood: - Corban, treasury.
2x - Hebrew and Chaldee origin – compare [H7133];- Hebrew transliterated word (indeclinable) / Aramaic transliterated word (indeclinable)
G3131 – μάννα – manna – man'-nah -
Of Hebrew origin [H4478]; manna (that is, man), an edible gum: - manna.
5x - Hebrew origin, Hebrew transliterated word (indeclinable)
G3957 – πάσχα – pascha – pas'-khah
the Passover (the meal, the day, the festival or the special sacrifices connected with it)
29x - Chaldee origin compare [H6453] - Aramaic transliterated word (indeclinable)
G4461 – ῥαββί - rhabbi - hrab-bee'
Of Hebrew origin [H7227] with pronominal suffix; my master, that is, Rabbi, as an official title of honor: - Master, Rabbi.
17x - Hebrew transliterated word (indeclinable)
G4469 – ῥακά - rhaka – rhak-ah'
O empty one, that is, thou worthless (as a term of utter vilification): - Raca.
1x - Chaldee origin - compare [H7386] - Aramaic transliterated word (indeclinable)
G4608 – σίκερα – sikera – sik'-er-ah -
Of Hebrew origin, [H7941] an intoxicant, that is, intensely fermented liquor: - strong drink
an intoxicant, that is, intensely fermented liquor: - strong drink.
1x - Indeclinable Noun of other type
G4519 – σαβαώθ – sabaōth - sab-ah-owth'
Of Hebrew origin ([H6635] in feminine plural); armies; sabaoth (that is, tsebaoth), a military epithet of God: - sabaoth.
2x - Hebrew origin, Hebrew transliterated word (indeclinable)
G4566 – Σατᾶν – Satan – sat-an'
satan – opposer / accuser
1x - Hebrew origin [7854] Hebrew transliterated word (indeclinable)
G5614 – ὡσαννά - hōsanna – ho-san-nah' -
Of Hebrew origin [H3467] and [H4994]; oh save!; hosanna (that is, hoshia-na), an exclamation of adoration: - hosanna.
6x - Hebrew origin, Hebrew transliterated word (indeclinable)
These eleven words are obvious loanwords. Greek simply adopts these words from a neighboring language. A computer is still a computer and a Ford is still a Ford. The rest of the words on Mr. Brenner's list do decline as all Greek words do. My explanation for this anomaly is that these are not true loan words, but culturally shared words between the two languages. A complete list and declension used in Appendix 1.
6- The Case for Hebrew satan -vs- Chaldean satanas
G4566 – Σατᾶν – Satan – sat-an'
satan – opposer / accuser
1x - Hebrew origin [7854] Hebrew transliterated word (indeclinable)
2Co 12:7 (TLV) even in the extraordinary quality of the revelations. So that I would not exalt myself, a thorn in the flesh was given to me— a messenger of satan (G4566 / H7854) to torment me, so I would not exalt myself.
2Co 12:7 (KJV) And lest I should be exalted above measure through the abundance of the revelations, there was given to me a thorn in the flesh, the messenger of Satan (G4566 / H7854) to buffet me, lest I should be exalted above measure.
A Jewish theologian would see this as a reminder to be good by Hebrew satan, the accuser, the heavenly prosecutor, the angel that is always looking for our iniquities, the voice accusing/opposing our conscious reminding us that we are indeed sinners.
Paul used this word (G4566 / H7854) once - and then twice more in the same epistle, and in four more epistles, he used (G4567 – Σατανᾶς – Satanas - of Chaldean origin).
2Co 2:11 so that we might not be outwitted by satan (G4567 – Σατανᾶς)—for we are not ignorant of his schemes.
2Co 11:14 And no wonder, for even satan (G4567 – Σατανᾶς) masquerades as an angel of light.
Paul also used this word twice more in epistles to the Thessalonians and his letter to Timothy.
1Th 2:18 For we wanted to come to you—I, Paul, more than once—but satan (G4567 – Σατανᾶς) thwarted us.
2Th 2:9 The coming of the lawless one is connected to the activity of satan, (G4567 – Σατανᾶς) with all power and signs and false wonders,
1Ti 1:20 Among these are Hymenaeus and Alexander—whom I have handed over to satan (G4567 – Σατανᾶς) to be disciplined not to blaspheme.
1Ti 5:15 For some have already gone astray after satan (G4567 – Σατανᾶς).
Rom 16:20 Now the God of shalom will soon crush satan (G4567 – Σατανᾶς) under your feet. May the grace of our Lord Yeshua be with you.
The NT authors used (G4567 – Σατανᾶς) exclusively 36 times in 33 verses. Paul is the only NT author to use Hebrew satan (G4566 / H7854) and he used it only once. Surely, if any of the followers of Jesus Christ had a higher education, it was Paul. “His ability to read and write with rhetorical sophistication indicates that Paul received some type of formal education. Luke claims that Saul studied under the great legal teacher Gamaliel, where he was “educated strictly according to our [i.e. Jewish] ancestral law” in Jerusalem (Acts 22:3).”14 So, the question arises, “Why did Paul, of all people, choose these two different word applications?”
7- Sola Scriptura
The Christian teaching of Sola Scriptura, Latin for 'by scripture alone,' is a Christian theological doctrine held by Christendom’s denominations, holding to the idea that the Bible as the sole infallible source of authority for Christian faith and practice.15 There are many that take this to an extreme pigeonhole, like the Catholic Church telling Galileo that if he saw moons around Jupiter they must be in his telescope because they are not in scripture.
Students of scripture are aware of the potentially 500,000 textual variants in over 2500 verses16 depending what you call a variant. Is it a different letter, a word, a spelling, or did someone forget to dot an i? On the whole these variations do not affect the message of the whole of scripture. Yet, all students understand the folly of building an entire doctrine around one word, because in a different translation just might be different. However, outside of academia, I have studied in groups where people demand that the King James Version is absolute.
1611 King James Version came to us via the Textus Receptus (Latin: "received text") from Erasmus's Novum Instrumentum omne, 1516.17 This seems to be a blanket statement giving the KJV a singular authoritative source. We know he used the Greek Septuagint (LXX) and many copies of the New Testament in Greek.
The myth of the Greek Septuagint is that Ptolemy commissioned 70, or 72, Rabbis, at least 2 from each of the 12 tribes, to come to Egypt to transcribe the Hebrew Tanak into Greek. The truth is that Ptolemy’s 70 only translated the Torah, the firsts five books of the Tanak18, the rest was completed at least 300 years, before Jesus, and it became the chief book in Greek in synagogues other than the Hebrew Bible19 as evidenced in the Dead Sea Scrolls.
Who actually transcribed the rest of the Greek Septuagint (LXX) that Erasmus based his Textus Receptus? The identity is unknown. It could be one source or many. Just how many versions of the LXX exist? There are 12 of them and all of them are at least 500 years after the original.20
Codex Sinaiticus 4th Century (after 325 CE)
Codex Codex Alexandrinus, 5th Century - the complete text of the entire Greek Bible (according to the Alexandrian canon)
Codex Cottonianus 5th/6th century
Codex Ambrosiano A 147 5th century
Codex Colberto-Sarravianus 4th/5th century
Codex Coislinianus 7th century
Codex Marchalianus 7th century
Codex Veronensis 6th century
Codex Turicensis 7th century
Codex Basiliano-Vaticanus 8th century
Codex Venetus 8th century
Codex Washingtonianus 3rd century
Textus Receptus - Erasmus (1516) – Roman Canon21
Erasmus is accredited with the compilation of the base Textus Receptus that has come to be known as the Rome Canon. But again, the question to this layman is how many ancient texts did he have access to? To the curious, 21 years later in 1536 all of the writings of Erasmus were placed in the Roman Index, a list of heretics and heresies that should be burnt wherever found.
Textus Receptus - Stephanus 155022
Robert Estienne (known as Stephanus) (1503-1559) edited and reprinted four editions of Erasmus’ Textus Receptus and credited for the division of the NT books into chapters and verses, a system still in use today.
Beza Greek New Testament 159823
Theodore Beza was a French Reformer who succeeded Calvin in Geneva. His refreshed Greek New Testament translation is presented alongside Beza's Latin version on the New Testament and the Vulgate.
Scrivener's Textus Receptus 189424
Scrivener produced an edition of the Greek New Testament which reflects the Textus Receptus underlying the English Authorized Version of 1611 King James Version (KJV).
Tischendorf 1869-187225
Tischendorf ‘s Greek New Testament was printed in three revisions, Vol. I, 1869; Vol. II 1872, and Vol 3, 1894. Most importantly, the claim is made that the base text for Tischendorf was the Westcott-Hort-Nestle Aland text.26 According to Eberhard Nestle different editions of Tischendorf’s texts differs within themselves in 3,572 places, with 3,036 variants within the four Gospels alone.27
Westcott and Hort 188128
These two translators depended upon two primary manuscripts, Vaticanus and Sinaiticus. However, they also mixed in a combination of Codex Bezae, with the Old Latin and the Old Syriac, to generate a better version of the original form of the New Testament. This technique of mixing forms together was termed ‘lectio brevior’. A habit they sometimes took to the extreme. Today, the use of ‘lectio brevior’ as a form of textual criticism is rejected.29
‘Westcott & Hort Versus the Textus Receptus: Which is Superior?’ is the title of an article at Sharper Iron.org. 30 I quote its author, Douglas K Kutiek, “None of the major modern English Bible translations since WWII used the Wescott-Hort text as its base. … It needs to be stated clearly that the text of Westcott and Hort was not the first printed Greek Testament that deliberately and substantially departed from the textus receptus on the basis of manuscript evidence. Westcott and Hort were preceded in the late 1700s by Griesbach, and in the 1800s by Lachmann, Alford, Tregelles, and Tischendorf (and others), all of whose texts made numerous revisions in the textus receptus on the basis of manuscript evidence; these texts, especially the last three named, are very frequently in agreement with Westcott and Hort, against the textus receptus.31 All scholars recognise Tischendorf, Tregelles, and Wescott-Hort as among the foremost figures in the final overthrow of the tyrannical textus receptus.32
Nestle Greek New Testament 190433
Published in 1898 and based only on Greek editions published by Constantin von Tischendorf and Westcott and Hort.
Greek Orthodox Church 190434
The Greek Orthodox Bible comes to us from manuscripts from Constantinople and Mount Athos. Their goal was to represent the Church of Constantinople. It was first published in 1902 and revised in 1912.
RP Byzantine Majority Text 200535
The “Majority Text” approach uses the majority of the Greek manuscripts in existence. It calls itself, A Work In Progress, suggesting it is open to new discoveries. Westcott and Hort call this text ‘Syrian,’ others refer to it as the ‘Byzantine text’ because it served as the standard text of the Byzantine Empire all through the Middle Ages.
SBL Greek New Testament 201036
The SBLGNT is a product of the Logos Bible Software and the Society of Biblical Literature. It differs from the Nestle-Aland text more than 540 times.
Berean Greek New Testament 201637
is based totally upon the Nestle 1904 version because they consider the most accurate critical text currently in the public domain.
Erasmus’ Textus Receptus, 1515, Stephanus Textus Receptus 1550, and Beza Greek New Testament 1598 would have come from the same source material available at the time. It is traditionally accepted as the Roman Canon. 300 years later, Scrivener's Textus Receptus 1894 becomes reinvented, and the base for the 1611 King James version, the Greek Orthodox Church Bible 1904, and the modern RP Byzantine Majority Text 2005.
However, Tischendorf, 1872, Westcott and Hort 1881, and their NA27 variant and NA28 variant, Nestle Greek New Testament 1904, SBL Greek New Testament 2010, and Berean Greek New Testament 2016 all use a larger source, a more diverse source, and therefore a more different source.38 To me, the question would be what are those sources, since none are the original? I ask, “Is the oldest copy always the most original? Is the most common copy always closer to the original?” To which the answer is always a resounding NO. Again, to me, the later copies you find and include only increase the potential introduced error.
8- G4567 Σατανᾶs vrs G4566 Σατᾶν
In all of this these text there are only 3 examples of variation between G4566 and G4567.
Luke 4:8
All of the oldest sources use G4567 Σατανᾶ of Chaldean origin.
Stephanus Textus Receptus 1550, Beza Greek New Testament 1598, Scrivener's Textus Receptus 1894, Greek Orthodox Church 1904, RP Byzantine Majority Text 2005l
In all of the later sources, post Tischendorf and Westcott-Hort, the word or phrase is omitted.
Tischendorf 1872, Westcott and Hort 1881, Westcott and Hort / [NA27 variants], Westcott and Hort / {NA28 variants}, Nestle Greek New Testament 1904, SBL Greek New Testament 2010, Berean Greek New Testament 2016
2Cor 2:11 – all sources use τοῦ Σατανᾶ
Except the Beza Greek New Testament 1598, where the sentence is omitted.
2Cor 12:7
Stephanus Textus Receptus 1550 - Σατᾶν - G4566
Beza Greek New Testament 1598 - Σατᾶν - G4566
Scrivener's Textus Receptus 1894 - Σατᾶν - G4566
Greek Orthodox Church 1904 - Σατᾶν - G4566
RP Byzantine Majority Text 2005 - Σατᾶν - G4566
Tischendorf 8th Edition 1872 - Σατανᾶ, G4567
Westcott and Hort 1881 - Σατανᾶ, G4567
Westcott and Hort / [NA27 variants] - Σατανᾶ, G4567
Westcott and Hort / {NA28 variants} - Σατανᾶ, G4567
Nestle Greek New Testament 1904 - Σατανᾶ, G4567
SBL Greek New Testament 2010 - Σατανᾶ, G4567
Berean Greek New Testament 2016 - Σατανᾶ, G4567
There is only one true variation example between
G4566 satan of Hebrew origin and G4567 satanas of Chaldean origin, within the NT.
Why did Paul make this particular word choice? From a linguistic perspective the answer should simply be: It describes a new and different thing, without inventing new a word, but just borrowing the word from its source language. Indicating that Hebew satan (G4566 / H7854 of Hebrew origin) is not the same creature(s) as The BEAST of REVELATION - Rev 12:9 (The BEAST) the great dragon … the ancient serpent, called the devil and satanas (G4567 of Chaldean origin).
9- Is the Greek Septuagint (LXX) consistent?
My argument that Hebrew satan H7854 / G4566 is not associated with the Beast of Revelation that we called devils G1228 and satanas G4567, and I have demonstrated that my premise holds true within the NT era of Jesus and His followers. However, it has been brought to my attention that 300 years earlier, in Egypt, the Greek Septuagint (LXX) equates Hebrew satan H7854 / G4566 with the devil G1228.
1Ch 21:1 (TLV) Then satan (H7854) stood up against Israel and incited David to count Israel.
1Ch 21:1 (TR) Καὶ ἔστη διάβολος (G1228) ἐν τῷ Ισραηλ καὶ ἐπέσεισεν τὸν Δαυιδ τοῦ ἀριθμῆσαι τὸν Ισραηλ.
1Ch 21:1 (ABP) και ανεστη σαταν (G4566) επι Ισραηλ και επεσεισε τον Δαυιδ του αριθμησαι τον Ισραηλ
In my defense, I will point out that any Greek Septuagint (LXX) is at least 500 years removed from the original. Secondly, my argument is how Jesus and His followers understood the difference between Hebrew satan and the Beast of Revelation. The Septuagint was written in a time before the occupation of the Holy Lands by Alexander the Great. If word usage was consistently the same, through the span of time, then 1Chr 21:1 would seem to be problematic for me.
So I have done a quick search of the devil G1228 within the Textus Receptus (TR) and compared it to the Greek text known today as the Apostolic Bible Polyglot (ABP); sort of a comparison between the Catholic and the Eastern Orthodox. There are 20 matches in 15 verses. 12 out of 15 support my premise. The author of Ester uses the work very differently that other authors and the poetry of Psalms is obvious.
1Ch 21:1 (TR) διάβολος (G1228) - devil
1Ch 21:1 (ABP) σαταν (H7854 / G4566) – Hebrew satan
(KJV) satan (H7854 / G4566) - Hebrew satan
(TLV) satan
(YLT) an adversary
Job 1:7 (TR) & (ABP) διαβόλῳ
(KJV) satan H7854 / G4566 … satan H7854 / G4566
(TLV) the satan … the satan
(YLT) the Adversary … the Adversary
Job 1:6 (TR) & (ABP) διάβολος
Job 1:9 (TR) & (ABP) διάβολος
Job 1:12 (TR) & (ABP) διαβόλῳ
Job 2:1 (TR) & (ABP) διάβολος
Job 2:2 (TR) & (ABP) διαβόλῳ
Job 2:3 (TR) & (ABP) διαβολον
Job 2:6 (TR) & (ABP) διαβόλῳ
Job 2:7 (TR) & (ABP) διάβολος
(KJV) satan H7854 / G4566
(TLV) the satan
(YLT) the Adversary
Zec 3:1 (TR) & ABP) διαβολος
Zec 3:2 (TR) & (ABP) διάβολον
(KJV) satan H7854 / G4566
(TLV) the satan
(YLT) the Adversary
Est 7:4 (TR) & (ABP) διάβολος.
(KJV) enemy - (H6862 - narrow; (as a noun) a tight place (usually figuratively, that is, trouble); also a pebble (as in H6864); (transitively) an opponent (as crowding): - adversary)
(TLV) such distress
(YLT) the adversity
Est 8:1 (TR) & (ABP) διαβόλῳ
(KJV) enemy – (H6862)
(TLV) the enemy
(YLT) adversary of
Psa 108:6 (TR) διάβολος
Psa 108:6 κατάστησον ἐπ᾿ αὐτὸν ἁμαρτωλόν, καὶ διάβολος στήτω ἐκ δεξιῶν αὐτοῦ·
beloved sinners and devils be saved by the right hand
Psa 108:6 (ABP) Not the same sentence
Psa 108:6 οπως αν ρυσθωσιν οι αγαπητοι σου σωσον τη δεξια σου και επακουσον μου
agrees with the KJV and YLT
Psa 108:6 (KJV) That thy beloved may be delivered: save with thy right hand, and answer me.
Psa 108:6 (TLV) Be exalted, O God, above the heavens, let Your glory be above all the earth.
Psa 108:6 (YLT) That Thy beloved ones may be delivered, Save with Thy right hand, and answer us.
Then I did a search for devil G1228 in the Greek ABP, 23 matches in 22 verses. Again 13 of the 22 verses agree with my premise. The remaining 9 verses represent different authors using the word differently through time. Moses and Zechariah used διαβολος differently than the authors of Ester, Ezra, or Hosea.
Job 1:7 (TR) & (ABP) διαβολω … διαβολος
(KJV) satan H7854 … satan H7854 / G4566
(TLV) the satan … the satan
(YLT) the Adversary … the Adversary
Job 1:12 (TR) διαβολω
Job 1:12 (ABP) διαβολος
(KJV) satan H7854 / G4566
(TLV) the satan
(YLT) the Adversary
Job 1:6 (TR) & (ABP) διαβολος
Job 1:9 (TR) & (ABP) διαβολος
Job 2:1 (TR) & (ABP) διαβολος
Job 2:2 (TR) & (ABP) διαβολος
Job 2:3 (TR) & (ABP) διαβολον
Job 2:4 (TR) & (ABP) διαβολος
Job 2:6 (TR) & (ABP) διαβολω
Job 2:7 (TR) & (ABP) διαβολος
(KJV) satan H7854 / G4566
(TLV) the satan
(YLT) the Adversary
Zec 3:1 (TR) & (ABP) διαβολος
Zec 3:2 (TR) & (ABP) διαβολον
(KJV) Satan H7854 / G4566
(TLV) Satan
(YLT) Adversary
Psa 109:6 (TR) συνθλασει – (condemned:H3318 - to go (causatively bring) out, in a great variety of applications + H7563 - morally wrong; concretely an (actively) bad person: - + condemned, guilty, ungodly, wicked (man), that did wrong)
Psa 109:6 (ABP) διαβουλιοις
(KJV) Satan H7854 / G4566
(TLV) an accuser
(YLT) an adversary
Gen 49:23 (TR) & (ABP) διαβουλευομενοι (H4843 to be (causatively make) bitter)
(KJV) The archers have sorely grieved him,
(TLV) The archers were bitter
(YLT) embitter him
(Dave) The archers were bedeviled
Est 7:4 (TR) & (ABP) διαβολος
(KJV) enemy - (H6862 - narrow; (as a noun) a tight place (usually figuratively, that is, trouble); also a pebble (as in H6864); (transitively) an opponent (as crowding): - adversary)
(TLV) such distress
(YLT) the adversity
Est 8:1 (TR) & (ABP) διαβολω
(KJV) the enemy - (H6862 - narrow; (as a noun) a tight place (usually figuratively, that is, trouble); also a pebble (as in H6864); (transitively) an opponent (as crowding): - adversary)
(TLV) the enemy
(YLT) adversary of
Psa 5:10 (TR) στοματι αυτων - (H6588 - a revolt (national, moral or religious): - rebellion, sin, transgression)
Psa 5: 10 (ABP) διαβουλιων αυτων
(KJV) their transgressions
(TLV) nothing upright
(YLT) their transgressions
(Dave) their devilish ways
Psa 10:2 (TR) σκοτομηνη - (H4209 - a plan, usually evil (machination), sometimes good (sagacity): - (wicked) device, discretion, intent, witty invention, lewdness, mischievous (device), thought, wickedly)
Psa 10:2 (ABP) διαβουλιοις
(KJV) the devices that they have imagined.
(TLV) the plots they have planned.
(YLT) devices that they devised.
(Dave) their devilish schemes
Eze 11:5 (TR) & (ABP) διαβουλια – (G1228 - a traducer; specifically Satan H7854 / G4566)
(KJV) things that come into your mind
(TLV) the thoughts that come into your mind
(YLT) the steps of your spirit
(Dave) devilish thoughts
Hos 4:9 (TR) & (ABP) διαβουλια αυτου
(KJV) their ways
(TLV) their ways,
(YLT) habitual doings
(Dave) their devilish ways
Hos 5:4 (TR) & (ABP) διαβουλια αυτων
(KJV) doings to turn
(TLV) their evil deeds
(YLT) habitual doings,
(Dave) their devilish ways
Hos 7:2 (TR) & (ABP) διαβουλια αυτων
(KJV) their own doings
(TLV) their deeds
(YLT) all their evil
(Dave) their devilish ways
Hos 11:6 (TR) & (ABP) διαβουλιων αυτων
(KJV) their own counsels.
(TLV) their own counsels.
(YLT) their own counsels.
(Dave) their devilish thoughts
My argument that Hebrew satan H7854 / G4566 is not associated with the Beast of Revelation that we called devils G1228 and satanas G4567. As to the question of 1Chronicles 21:1 being problematic for me, my answer is a resounding NO.
What becomes obvious is the cultural understanding 300 years before Christ, the NT use of the διαβολος was used to identify our adversary / enemy. 1Chr 21:1 διαβολος opposed David, his adversary / enemy. διαβολος opposed Job, his adversary / enemy. διαβολος opposed Joshua, his adversary / enemy. 1 King 22 a volunteer διαβολος was Ahab’s adversary / enemy. While Hebrew demonology was limited to the H7700 shed of King Solomon39, the 33 other gods of the Levant, and the other gods of the world at large.
H7700 - shêd / shade
From H7736; a daemon (as malignant): - devil.
H7736 - shûd / shood
A primitive root; properly to swell up, that is, figuratively (by implication of insolence) to devastate: - waste.
Searching the Textus Receptus Septuagint (TR) for H7700 shed /shade. 2 verses.
Deu 32:17 (TR) & (AB) δαιμονίοις – G1140
(KJV) They sacrificed unto devils,
(TLV) Deu 32:17 They sacrificed to demons,
(YLT) Deu 32:17 They sacrifice to demons—not god!
Psa 106:37 (TR) καὶ ἔσπειραν ἀγροὺς καὶ ἐφύτευσαν ἀμπελῶνας καὶ ἐποίησαν καρπὸν γενήματος,
And the men of the field, and they planted a vineyard, and transgressed the law of fruit of the woman
Psa 106:37 (ABP) και εθυσαν τους υιους αυτων και τας θυγατερας αυτων τοις δαιμονιοις
(ABP) δαιμονιοις – G1140 - translates as:
(KJV) Yea, they sacrificed their sons and their daughters unto devils,
(TLV) They even sacrificed their sons and their daughters to demons.
(YLT) And they sacrifice their sons And their daughters to destroyers,
G1140 – δαιμόνιον - daimonion
Neuter of a derivative of G1142; a daemonic being; by extension a deity: - devil, god.
G1142 – δαίμων - daimōn
From δαίω daiō (to distribute fortunes); a demon or super natural spirit (of a bad nature): - devil.
Searching the Textus Receptus Septuagint for G1140 or G1142, 1 verse.
Isa 65:11 (TR) ὑμεῖς δὲ οἱ ἐγκαταλιπόντες με καὶ ἐπιλανθανόμενοι τὸ ὄρος τὸ ἅγιόν μου καὶ ἑτοιμάζοντες τῷ δαίμονι τράπεζαν καὶ πληροῦντες τῇ τύχῃ κέρασμα
(KJV) But ye are they that forsake the LORD, that forget my holy mountain, that prepare a table for that troop, and that furnish the drink offering unto that number.
(TLV) … prepare a table for Fortune, who fill cups of mixed wine for Fate
(YLT) … etting in array for Gad a table, And who are filling for Meni a mixture.
Searching the Apostolic Bible Polyglot (ABP) for G1140 or G1142, 7 OT verses found.
Psa_91:6 (ABP) δαιμονιου - G1140
(KJV) Nor for the pestilence that walketh in darkness; nor for the destruction that wasteth at noonday.
(YLV) … the scourge that lays waste
(YLT) … destruction that destroyeth
Psa_96:5 (ABP) οτι παντες οι θεοι των εθνων δαιμονια ο κυριος τους ουρανους εποιησεν
(This is a conditional phrase (This vrs that) – Robert is a man, Mary is a girl
This = (all the gods of the nation are demons) – that = (the king of - the above the sky)
(all the gods of the tribes, races, nations are demons) – are different than – (the king of - the above the sky)
(KJV) For all the gods of the peoples are nought, And Jehovah made the heavens.
(TLV) For all the gods of the peoples are idols, but Adonai made the heavens.
(YLT) Psa 96:5 For all the gods of the peoples are nought, And Jehovah made the heavens.
Psa 106:37 (ABP) – δαιμονιοις - G1140
(KJV) And they sacrifice their sons And their daughters to destroyers
(TLV) … to demons.
(YLT) … to destroyers
Isa_13:21 (ABP) δαιμονια - G1140
(KJV) But wild beasts of the desert shall lie there; and their houses shall be full of doleful creatures; and owls shall dwell there, and satyrs shall dance there.
H8163 - śâ‛ı̂yr – satyr
a he goat; by analogy a faun: - devil, goat, hairy, kid, rough, satyr.
(TLV) goat-demons
(YLT) goats
Isa_34:14 (ABP) και συναντησουσι δαιμονια ονοκενταυροις - και βοησονται ετερος προς τον ετερον
And he met with demons of pleasure – and with him - something strange
(KJV) The wild beasts of the desert shall also meet with the wild beasts of the island, and the satyr shall cry to his fellow;
(TLV) Wildcats will meet with wolves, the goat-demon will cry to its kind—yes …
(YLT) And met have Ziim with Aiim, And the goat for its companion …
Isa_65:3 (ABP) … τοις δαιμονιοις ουκ εστιν
(… sacrificing – in the garden - to demons – no not)
(KJV) … and burneth incense upon altars of brick;
(TLV) … and burneth incense upon altars of brick;
(YLT) … and making perfume on the bricks
Isa_65:11 (ABP) τω δαιμονιω –G1140
(KJV) … that troop, and that furnish the drink offering
(TLV) … prepare a table for Fortune
(YLT) … in array for Gad a table …
10 – Serpent’s seed
The creation story of the Beast of Revelation within the Nag Hammadi parallels both the Old and New Testament. Gen 1:1 / Rev 12:1-2 God created the heaven and earth by the right hand. The next step was to fill the heavens with the host, heavenly ethereal beings, angels, and man. By the left hand, the Holy Spirit gave birth to the first sentient creature made with some matter. The Beast, the first archon, who opened his eyes to see only matter and thought he was alone and the first. His statement was only selfish arrogance made from ignorance of the truth, resulting in the darkness and chaos of Gen 1:2 / Rev 3-4. Light is introduced into creation to illuminate the truth, Gen 1:3 / Rev 12:5. Followed by a separating the Light from the dark, Gen 1:4 / Rev 12:7. But the Nag Hammadi goes on to tell us that the Beast procreated in some way, “… creating offspring for himself, and created for himself seven offspring, androgynous just like their parent.40
Rev 12:3 (KJV) And there appeared another wonder in heaven; and behold a great red dragon, having seven heads and ten horns, and seven crowns upon his heads.
Again, written within the Nag Hammadi, "Now, when the seven rulers were cast down from their heavens onto the earth, they made for themselves angels, numerous, demonic, to serve them. And the latter instructed mankind in many kinds of error and magic and potions and worship of idols and spilling of blood and altars and temples and sacrifices and libations to all the spirits of the earth... And thus when the world had come into being, it distractedly erred at all times. For all men upon earth worshiped the spirits (demons) from the creation to the consummation … ”41 Psa_96:5 (Brenton LXX)42 For all the gods of the heathen are devils …
Gen 3:15 (KJV) And I will put enmity between thee (the serpent) and the woman, and between thy seed and her seed …
Conclusion
Hebrew demons (demonology) of the OT include devils, demons, destroyers, the scourge that lays waste, destruction that destroyeth, fortune – and - all the gods of the tribes, nations, races are of demons. David Ike, ‘There are entities just outside our field of view, that are anything but human, and they have been manipulating this world from the outside for eons… some people call them demonic, some people call them the serpent race, Islam calls them the Jinn.’42 The authors of the Nag Hammadi called them archon. King Solomon called them sheds / shades. Enoch calls them the Watchers. The NT calls them the BEAST of Revelation. Rev 12:9 … the great dragon … the ancient serpent, called the devil and satanas G4567, who deceives the whole world.
To this list it would be easy to add all of the original other gods of Egypt, Sumar, Assyria, Babylon, India. Who become the gods of the whole world? Since Gen 6:1-4 there has been families of about 200 gods, with 20 or so important players, who fight amongst themselves, have offspring, and torment humanity. To bring all this into a modern perspective, it would be easy to add: Inter-dimensional visitors, aliens, UFOs, Darwinism, shadow governments, and the modern trend to move away from a traditional scriptural family structure, the trend to allow public education to become anti-God indoctrination. It would be easy to add an endless list of obstacles to a true Messianic Christian faith. But Paul summed it up more simply.
Eph 6:12 (KJV) For we wrestle not against flesh and blood, but against principalities (G746 – archon), against powers, against the rulers of the darkness of this world, against spiritual wickedness in high places.
Where did they come from?
Col 1:16 For by him were all things created, that are in heaven, and that are in earth, visible and invisible, whether they be thrones, or dominions, or principalities, or powers: all things were created by him, and for him:
Why did God create them?
Jewish belief #1 – God is absolute – Anything that has come into being was made by God for God. God is absolute – His creation is exactly as He Willed it to be.
Jewish belief #2 – God tests His people. - Why does God test His people? Deu 8:2 … in order to humble you, to test you, to know what was in your heart, whether you would keep His mitzvot or not.
Jewish belief #3 - Why does God do it? - to reveal Himself, to reveal His power and glory
(to prove that the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob is the one true God)
What is my point?
I can also quote, Rabbi Menachem Wolf, of Spiritgrow Josef Kryss Centre, Melbourne, Australia, saying, “He would love to be Hebrew satan’s defense attorney, because he is an angel of the Lord, working for the Lord, helping to facilitate God’s Will on earth, and sometimes asked to do a dirty job” (5)
1- Hebrew satan H7854 / G4566 is an angel of the Lord in service to the Lord.
Hebrew satan makes only one appearance in NT scripture in 2 Cor 2:17.
Rev 12 - The Beast of Revelation -the great dragon - that old serpent (G3789), called the Devil, (G1228) and Satanas (G4567) – is the deceiver of the whole world (the malignant force - entropy), and in the OT they are known as: H7700 - shêd / shade, From H7736; a daemon (as malignant): - devil, H7736 - shûd / shood,
2- The Beast of Revelation, the dragon, the ancient serpent, that we call devils and satanas G4567 is a different group of beings / creatures than God’s angels. There have always been two groups.
As someone who dabbles with translation, this is the verse I would retranslate:
Job 38:7 When the morning stars sang together, and all the sons of God shouted for joy (H7321).
H7321 – רוּעַ - rûa‛
A primitive root; to mar (especially by breaking); figuratively to split the ears (with sound), that is, shout (for alarm or joy): - blow an alarm, cry (alarm, aloud, out), destroy, make a joyful noise, smart, shout (for joy), sound an alarm, triumph.
Job 38:7 (KJV) When the morning stars sang together, and all the sons of God cried an alarm?
The same sons of God in the story of Job 1:6 when the sons of God came to present themselves before the LORD. The same sons of God that saw the daughters of men that they were fair; and they took them wives of all which they chose, in Gen 6. The same sons of God presented as the archon within the Nag Hammadi.
3- This also answers my question as an 8 year old in Sunday School. How did God’s beautiful angels become the ugly demons? My answer now is that they didn’t. The archon are another group of beings from the Beast of Revelation. You could call this a race of beings all procreated from a common source.
David Ike - “Just outside our field of vision, are entities that are anything but human, and they have been manipulating this world from the outside for eons … some people call them demonic, some people call them the serpent race, Islam calls them the Jinn” The first century authors of the NT and the Nag Hammadi called them archon.
Jesus Christ equated satanas G4567 with Beelzebub, the other god of the Philistines (Gaza Strip), who King Solomon identifies as the king of the shed / demons.
4- The Roman Catholic teaching of a Fallen Angel, a rebellious good-angel changing his own role, form, and function within creation against God’s Will – IS NOT – Jewish theology, nor Messianic Christian theology, or Gnostic Christian theology. Therefore is was NOT the theology or Demonology of Jesus Christ, His Disciples, or His immediate followers, the original Messianic Jews / Christians of the first and second century, before the Romanization of the known world.
11- Theological implications
By separating Hebrew satan H7854 / G4566 from NT satanas, who is the BEAST of Revelation, that ancient serpent, that we call devils and satanas G4567. Hebrew satan can go back to his original Hebrew self, an angel of the Lord, helping to facilitate God’s Will on earth, sometimes doing a dirty job for the Lord. Hebrew theology and perhaps most importantly Hebrew demonology can remain Jewish; Hebrew angelology can remain Jewish. While the Beast of Revelation (G4567) can be just as malicious as he is described in the NT.
| Hebrew Angelology | Hebrew Demonology |
| Created to serve and praise Hebrew satan H7854 / G4566 | Messengers of the Lord Created as obstacles H7700 Shed / Shades Messengers of chaos H3917 - lı̂ylı̂yth – Lilith H8163 - śâ‛ı̂yr - satyrs? H5175 - nâchâsh – snake / serpent. G1140 / G1142 demons 33 other gods of the Levant 100s of other gods of the world The World – Gen 3:15 – serpent’s seed |
| NT Angelogoy | NT Demonology |
| Created to serve and praise Hebrew satan H7854 /G4566 | Messengers of the Lord The BEAST of Revelation 12 the great dragon Messengers of Entropy that old serpent, H5175 / G3789 called the Devil, - G1228 and Satanas, - G4567 Eph 6 – our real struggle / Created as Obstacles Col 1:16 by God for God Principalities of Eph 6 – G746 ἀρχή Archon of Eph 6 - H7700 Shed / Shades H3917 - lı̂ylı̂yth – Lilith H8163 - śâ‛ı̂yr - satyrs? H5175 - nâchâsh – snake / serpent. G1140 / G1142 demons 33 other gods of the Levant 100s of other gods of the world G746 Principalities / Archon – Eph 6:12 The BEAST and his H7700 Shed / Shades The BEAST and his archon The Beast and his Allah and Jinn The World – Gen 3:15 – serpent’s seed Shadow governments Aliens and UFOs Darwinism / atheism The Institute for Creation Research Most Roman Christendom New age gods 100s of other gods of the world |
Appendix 1
Shared loanwords of Jeff Brenner's list that do decline as all Greek words do.
G728 – ἀῤῥαβών – arrhabōn - ar-hrab-ohn'
Of Hebrew origin [H6162]; a pledge, that is, part of the purchase money or property given in advance as security for the rest: - earnest.
1x - Nominative Singular Masculine - Eph 1:14
2x - Accusative Singular Masculine – 2Co 1:22, 2Co 5:5
G1040 – βύσσος – bussos – boos'-sos - Of Hebrew origin [H948]; white linen: - fine linen.
1x - Genitive Singular Feminine - Rev 18:12
1x - Accusative Singular Feminine – Luk 16:19
G1067 – γέεννα – geenna – gheh'-en-nah - Of Hebrew origin
valley of (the son of) Hinnom; gehenna (or Ge-Hinnom), a valley of Jerusalem, used (figuratively) as a name for the place (or state) of everlasting punishment: - hell.
3x - Genitive Singular Feminine – Mat 23:15, 23:33, Jas 3:6
1x - Dative Singular Feminine – Mat 10:28
8x - Accusative Singular Feminine – Mat 5:22, 6:29-30, 18:9, Mar 9:43, 9:45, 9:47, Luk 12:5
G2884 – κόρος – koros – kor'-os - Of Hebrew origin;
a cor, that is, a specific measure: - measure.
1x - Accusative Plural Masculine -Luk 16.7
G3631 – οἶνος – oinos – oy'-nos -
perhaps of Hebrew origin “wine”
4x - Nominative Singular Masculine – Mat 9:17, Mar 2:22, Luk 5:37,
7x - Genitive Singular Masculine – Jhn 2:3, Rev 14:8, 14:10, 16:19, 17:2, 18:3, 19:15
4x - Dative Singular Masculine - Eph 5:18, 1Tim 3:8, 1Tim 5:23, Tit 2:3
18x - Accusative Singular Masculine – Mat 9:17, Mar 2:22, 15,23, Luk 1:15,, 5:37-38, 7:33, 10:34, Jhn 2:3, 2:9-10, 4:46, Rom 14:21, Rev 6:6, 18:13,
G4521 – σάββατον – sabbaton - sab'-bat-on
Of Hebrew origin; the Sabbath
5x -Nominative Singular Neuter – Mar 2:27, Luk 23:54, Jhn 5:9-10, 9:14
12x - Genitive Singular Neuter – Mat 12:8, Mar 2:28, 6:2, 16:1, 16:9, Luk 6:5, 13:14, 13:16, 14:5, 18:12, Jhn 19:31, Act 1:12
12x - Genitive Plural Neuter - Mat 28:1, Mar 16:2, Luk 4:16, 24:1, Jhn 20:1, 20:19, Act 13:14, 16:13, 20:7, 1Cor 16:2, Col 2:16
15x - Dative Singular Neuter – Mat 12:2, 24:20, Luk 6:1, 6:6-7, 13:14-15, 14:1, 14:3, Jhn 5:16, 7:22-23, 19:31, Act 13:44
14x - Dative Plural Neuter – Mat 12:1, 12:5, 12:10-12, Mar 1:21, 2:23-24, 3:2, 3:4, Luk 4:31, 6:2, 6:9, 13:10
9x - Accusative Singular Neuter – Mat 12:5, Mar 2:27, Luk 23:55, Jhn 5:18, 9:16, Acts 13:27, 13:42, 15:21, 18:4
G4526 – σάκκος – sakkos – sak'-kos -
Of Hebrew origin, “sack” cloth, that is, mohair (the material or garments made of it, worn as a sign of grief): - sackcloth.
1x - Nominative Singular Masculine – Rev 6:12
2x - Dative Singular Masculine - Mat 11:21, Luk 10:13
1x - Accusative Plural Masculine – Rev 11:3
G4553 – σαργάνη – sarganē - sar-gan'-ay
Apparently of Hebrew origin [H8276]; a basket (as interwoven or wicker work): - basket.
1x - Dative Singular Feminine - 2Co 11:33
G4568 – σάτον – saton - sat'-on
Of Hebrew origin [H5429]; a certain measure for things dry: - measure.
2x - Accusative Plural Neuter - Mat 13:33, Luke 13:21
G4597 – σής – sēs – sace -
Apparently of Hebrew origin a moth: - moth. -
3x - Nominative Singular Masculine – Mat 6:19-20, Luk 12:33
Appendix II
Occurrence and spelling of satanas within the NT.
Mat 4:10 - Σατανᾶ.
Mat 12:26 - Σατανᾶς τὸν Σατανᾶν
Mat 16:23 - Σατανᾶ
Mar 1:13 - τοῦ Σατανᾶ,
Mar 3:23 - Σατανᾶς Σατανᾶν
Mar 3:26 - ὁ Σατανᾶς
Mar 4:15 - ὁ Σατανᾶς
Mar 8:33 - Σατανᾶ
Luke 4:8
Stephanus Textus Receptus 1550 - Σατανᾶ·
Beza Greek New Testament 1598
Scrivener's Textus Receptus 1894
Greek Orthodox Church 1904
RP Byzantine Majority Text 2005
Tischendorf 8th Edition 1872 -The word or phrase is omitted
Westcott and Hort 1881
Westcott and Hort / [NA27 variants]
Westcott and Hort / {NA28 variants}
Nestle Greek New Testament 1904
SBL Greek New Testament 2010
Berean Greek New Testament 2016
Luke 10:18 - Σατανᾶν
Luke 11:18 - ὁ Σατανᾶς
Luke 13:16 - ὁ Σατανᾶς
uke 22:3 - Σατανᾶς
Luke 22:31 - ὁ Σατανᾶς
John – 13:27 - ὁ Σατανᾶς
Acts 5:3 - ὁ Σατανᾶς
Ats 26:18 - τοῦ Σατανᾶ
Rom 16:20 - τὸν Σατανᾶν
1Cor 5:5 - τῷ Σατανᾷ
1Cor 7:5 - ὁ Σατανᾶς
2Cor 2:11 - τοῦ Σατανᾶ
Beza Greek New Testament 1598 - sentence omitted
2Cor 12:7
Stephanus Textus Receptus 1550 - Σατᾶν - G4566
Beza Greek New Testament 1598 -
Scrivener's Textus Receptus 1894
Greek Orthodox Church 1904
RP Byzantine Majority Text 2005
Tischendorf 8th Edition 1872 - Σατανᾶ, G4567
Wstcott and Hort 1881
Westcott and Hort / [NA27 variants]
Westcott and Hort / {NA28 variants}
Nestle Greek New Testament 1904
SBL Greek New Testament 2010
Berean Greek New Testament 2016
1Th 2:18 - ὁ Σατανᾶς.
2Th 2:9 - τοῦ Σατανᾶ
1Ti 1:20 - τῷ Σατανᾷ,
1Ti 5:15 - τοῦ Σατανᾶ.
Rev 2:9 - τοῦ Σατανᾶ.
Rev 2:13 - τοῦ Σατανᾶ
Rev 2:24 - τοῦ Σατανᾶ
Rev 12:9 - ὁ Σατανᾶς
Rev 20:2 - ὁ Σατανᾶς
Rev 20:7 - ὁ Σατανᾶς
Appendix III
Greek declension forms within scripture
17x - Nominative Singular Masculine - Σατανᾶς
Mat 12:26 If satan drives out satan, he is divided against himself; how then will his kingdom stand?
Mar 3:23 He called them and began speaking to them in parables: “How can satan drive out satan?
Mar 3:26 And if satan has risen up against himself and is divided, he cannot stand but his end has come.
Mar 4:15 These are the ones beside the road where the word is sown. Whenever they hear, satan comes quickly and takes away the word that has been sown in them.
Luk 11:18 Now if satan is divided against himself, how will his kingdom stand? For you say by beelzebul I drive out the demons.
Luk 13:16 So this one, a daughter of Abraham incapacitated by satan for eighteen years, shouldn’t she be set free from this imprisonment on Yom Shabbat?”
Luk 22:3 Then satan entered into Judah, the one from Kriot, one of the twelve.
Luk 22:31 “Simon, Simon! Indeed, satan has demanded to sift you all like wheat.
Joh 13:27 And with that bit, satan entered into him. Then Yeshua tells him, “What you’re about to do, do quickly!”
Act 5:3 But Peter said, “Ananias, why has satan filled your heart to lie to the Ruach ha-Kodesh and keep back part of the proceeds of the land?
1Co 7:5 Do not deprive one another—except by mutual consent for a time, so that you may devote yourselves to prayer. Then come together again, so that satan doesn’t tempt you because of your lack of self-control.
2Co 11:14 And no wonder, for even satan masquerades as an angel of light.
1Th 2:18 For we wanted to come to you—I, Paul, more than once—but satan thwarted us.
Rev 2:13 I know where you live—where satan’s throne is. Yet you continue to hold firm to My name, and you did not deny your faith in Me even in the days of Antipas, My faithful witness, who was killed among you, where satan resides.
Rev 12:9 And the great dragon was thrown down—the ancient serpent, called the devil and satan, who deceives the whole world. He was thrown down to the earth, and his angels were thrown down with him.
Rev 20:2 He seized the dragon—the ancient serpent, who is the devil and satan—and bound him for a thousand years.
Rev 20:7 When the thousand years has ended, satan shall be released from his prison,
9x - Genitive Singular Masculine - Σατανᾶ
Mar 1:13 He was in the wilderness forty days, being tempted by satan. And He was with the wild beasts, and the angels were taking care of Him.
Act 26:18 to open their eyes—so they may turn from darkness to light and from the power of satan to God, that they may receive release from sins as well as a place among those who are made holy through trusting in Me.’
2Co 2:11 so that we might not be outwitted by satan—for we are not ignorant of his schemes.
2Th 2:9 The coming of the lawless one is connected to the activity of satan, with all power and signs and false wonders,
1Ti 5:15 For some have already gone astray after satan.
Rev 2:9 I know your tribulation and your poverty (yet you are rich), as well as the slander of those who say they are Jewish and are not, but are a synagogue of satan.
Rev 2:13 I know where you live—where satan’s throne is. Yet you continue to hold firm to My name, and you did not deny your faith in Me even in the days of Antipas, My faithful witness, who was killed among you, where satan resides.
Rev 2:24 “But to the rest of you in Thyatira, who do not hold to this teaching and have not learned the so-called ‘deep things’ of satan—I place on you no other burden.
Rev 3:9 Behold, I will cause those of the synagogue of satan—who say they are Jewish and are not, but lie—behold, I will cause them to come and bow down before your feet, so that they acknowledge that I have loved you!
4x - Vocative Singular Masculine - σατανᾶ
Mat 4:10 Then Yeshua says to him, “Go away, satan! For it is written, ‘You shall worship Adonai your God, and Him only shall you serve.’”
Mat 16:23 But He turned and said to Peter, “Get behind Me, satan! You are a stumbling block to Me, for you are not setting your mind on the things of God, but the things of men.”
Luk 4:8 (KJV) And Jesus answered and said unto him, Get thee behind me, Satan: for it is written, Thou shalt worship the Lord thy God, and him only shalt thou serve.
Mar 8:33 But turning around and looking at His disciples, He rebuked Peter. He said, “Get behind Me, satan! You are not setting your mind on the things of God, but the things of men.”
2x - Dative Singular Masculine - Σατανᾷ
1Co 5:5 you are to turn such a fellow over to satan for the destruction of his fleshly nature, so that his spirit may be saved in the day of the Lord Yeshua.
1Ti 1:20 Among these are Hymenaeus and Alexander—whom I have handed over to satan to be disciplined not to blaspheme.
4x - Accusative Singular Masculine - Σατανᾶν
Mat 12:26 If satan drives out satan, he is divided against himself; how then will his kingdom stand?
Mar 3:23 And he called them unto him, and said unto them in parables, How can Satan cast out Satan?
Luk 10:18 And Yeshua said to them, “I was watching satan fall like lightning from heaven.
Rom 16:20 Now the God of shalom will soon crush satan under your feet. May the grace of our Lord Yeshua be with you.
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