Hello Patrick! Hello Richard!
Thank you for your comments.
That's a very good starting point actually. I do receive the same comments and questions from my fellow friends here in Tehran as well. I absolutely agree with Patrick that until adequate checks and balances are not set in place one should not get convinced that any ancient writing is a divine one. I'm going to share whatever I have to share, but please bear in mind this discussion would have a evolutionary curve, as we move on we will set pieces of puzzle around, so that at the end we may look back and see if the overall picture is convincing to our (heart? or mind?) or is not.
There are two ways to check the validity of Quranic text.
A. Analyzing the text from inside
B. Analyzing from outside meaning without using Quranic verses themselves
I'd choose A. for now, so I'll have the chance to bring forth some verses that you might not have encountered so far. Its important to get to know parts of the Quranic texture in the meanwhile. And later on, we can move to discuss it from the B. point of view.
A. Analyzing the text from inside
1. They say that doubt separates people, but Quran actually wants the mindful reader to doubt about Quranic text in his encounter! Quran takes this notion one step further and reveals that even Mohammad in some time was in a state of doubt about Quran as well !!
So, if thou art in doubt regarding what We have sent down to thee... (10:94)As you can see the text which is referencing Mohammad with "thou" and "thee", clearly cues that for a moment or period, even Mohammad himself was in the state of doubt. Now the text moves on and provides a resolution for settling down the doubt:
...ask those who recite the Book before thee. The truth has come to thee from thy Lord; so be not of the doubters (10:94)So the resolution for doubtful Mohammad is to ask those who "recite the Book before him"! But wait a minute! is Quran recommending that Mohammad should have gone to ask a Jew or a Christian in order to settle his doubt? Isn't that most Jews don't recognize Christianity and most Christians at the time of Mohammad and even now, think Judaism is expired!? Look how Quran paints the picture of Mohammad's time:
The Jews say, 'The Christians stand not on anything'; the Christians say, 'The Jews stand not on anything'; yet they recite the Book. So too the ignorant say the like of them. God shall decide between them on the Day of Resurrection touching their differences. (2:113)Therefore, Mohammad was supposed to go and ask not any Jew, not any Christian, but someone who "
recites the Book". That's the common phrase in-between the former and the later verses we have studied so far. But who is the one "who recites the Book" ? Quran certifies that:
Those to whom We have given the Book and who recite it with true recitation, they believe in it; and whoso disbelieves in it, they shall be the losers. (2:121)Thus, those who recite the Book, are those that are in interaction with the word of YHWH. And that "interaction" (resulting from recitation of the Book), brings a Gnostic (as my friend David probably would like to call) or internal wisdom (as I'd like to call) type of knowledge for the person. A very exclusive one actually. A knowledge that helps distinguish word of divine from word of human being. And Muhammad is instructed by Quran to go and ask that kind of person who possess that kind of wisdom:
Yet they are not all alike; some of the People of the Book are a nation upstanding, that recite God's signs and verses in the watches of the night, bowing themselves. (3:113)See how Quran defines the true reciters...nation of upstanding...bowing themselves to YHWH! Are we really now??
Hence if one recites and interacts with the former divine books that has been sent down before Muhammad adequately, humbly and properly, he eventually will be out of any doubt as he comes across the Quranic text. Such a person is the one who can even give a help to Muhammad to solidify his faith in a moment of doubt. Take a look at this:
We sent not any before thee, except men to whom We revealed: 'Ask the people of the Remembrance, if it should be that you do not know. (16:43)Again, you see that Quran directs the reader to ask
the people of remembrance (those who recite the word of YHWH always) about the nature of previous prophet-hoods.
Conclusion 1: Doubt about Quran? Never mind, one way is to go ask a true reciter of previous divine books. Go ask him about the quality of word of God.
Go ask about the message of all prophets. Then come and recite Quran, a true recitation! Spend time with it, so it can interact with your mind and you can interact with it as you used to do it with former divine books. And then look again. Do you see the same unique message? Same quality of text in everywhere?
2. Okay you are still doubtful and you think you can write the same quality text, then note this:
And if you are in doubt concerning that We have sent down on Our servant, then bring a chapter like it, and call your witnesses, apart from God, if you are truthful. (2:23)There are exclusive and unique aspects in terms of quality to the divine word, that no human mind can resemble and reflect them in his work. This issue needs special discussion for itself. A kind of discussion about living word vs. dead letters! That's why Quran invites the people to come and bring something like Quran, if they can, and it reasserts that:
Say: 'If men and jinn banded together to produce the like of this Koran, they would never produce its like, not though they backed one another.' (17:88)We have to ask ourselves...what are those exclusive qualities of divine text? from Torah inwards, particularly with Quran? Now Quran takes the claim to its paramount:
If We had sent down this Koran upon a mountain, thou wouldst have seen it humbled, split asunder out of the fear of God. And those similitudes -- We strike them for men; haply they will reflect. (59:21)Conclusion 2: Doubt about the text? Study and think about the textual qualities of sacred texts. That will help you realize its uniqueness.
I invite your attention to the following verses of Quran as I close this section of my comment on the issue of doubt. Please bear in mind that the word "Allah" is one of the names of YHWH and in Ancient Semitic language means "
The one power that guides with a covenant to enlightenment", as YHWH means the one who exists from past to future.
It is not for any human to whom Allah has given the Book and wisdom and Prophethood, that he should afterwards say to the people, “Leave (the worship of) Allah and be my servants” – but he will surely say, “Be sincere worshippers of Allah, because you teach the Book and you preach from it.” (79) And nor will he command you to appoint the angels and the Prophets as masters; would he (a Prophet) command you to disbelieve after you have become submitted to Allah? (80) And remember when Allah took a covenant from the Prophets; “If I give you the Book and knowledge and a noble Messenger comes to you, confirming the Books you possess, you shall positively, definitely believe in him and you shall positively, definitely help him”; He said, “Do you agree, and accept My binding responsibility in this matter?” They all answered, “We agree”; He said, “Then bear witness amongst yourselves, and I Myself am a witness with you.” (81) So those who turn away after this – it is they who are the sinners. (82) So do they desire a religion other than the religion of Allah, whereas to Him has submitted whoever is in the heavens and the earth, willingly or grudgingly, and it is to Him they will return. (3: 78-83)What do you think?
Now in reply to Patrick:
According to Quran, the only person Allah spoke mouth to mouth was Moses. The case for revelation to Muhammad, according to Quran, is by sending "Ruah Quddus" (Rua'h ha'Qodesh) as a prophet to reveal Quran to Muhammad as a prophet. So its like:
Allah >> Ruah Quddus >> Muhammad >> people
In reply to Richard:
There are numerous prophetical and inter-textual networks that one can draw in-between narrative of Quran and narrative of Bible. Thus Quran confirms bible and bible confirms Quran in many ways. This we'll hopefully discuss in depth with verses.
And a line about Hadith: Ever since the beginning all the hadithers have written hadiths in separate books. While the textual quality of hadith is tremendously different from divine text, most hadiths contain short phrases of which is attributed to Muhammd (not Allah) in retrospect. In other words, even hadithers agree that hadiths are oral saying attributed to Muhammad while Quran is not attributed to Muhammad even by hadithers at all, but to Allah and rua'k ha'Qodesh. So even hadithers agree with the difference between the textual quality of hadith and Quran, yet they follow it ! Hope this helps
Thank you.
Ali.